Shuffled playing cards and manufacturing method thereof

ABSTRACT

Systems and methods for monitoring shuffled playing cards. A shuffled card ID is associated with the one or more shuffled decks of playing cards. Each card delivered by a card feeder from the one or more shuffled decks of playing cards is inspected. It is determined whether there is a defect in the arrangement of the one or more shuffled decks of playing cards. Upon a condition that a shuffled deck of playing cards is determined to be defective, at least one of discarding the defective shuffled deck of playing cards or preventing a recurrence of a defect found within the defective shuffled deck of playing cards.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.15/840,351 filed Dec. 13, 2017, which is a continuation of U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 14/584,878 filed Dec. 29, 2014, which issued asU.S. Pat. No. 9,855,491 and is continuation of U.S. patent applicationSer. No. 13/936,956, filed Jul. 8, 2013, which issued as U.S. Pat. No.8,919,777 and is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser.No. 13/759,510, filed Feb. 5, 2013, which issued as U.S. Pat. No.8,567,786 and is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.12/832,566, filed Jul. 8, 2010, which issued as U.S. Pat. No. 8,387,983and is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/744,961,which issued as U.S. Pat. No. 8,371,583, was filed as a 371 applicationfrom International Application No. PCT/JP2008/071569, filed on Nov. 27,2008, and claims priority to JP Application No. 2007-306173, filed onNov. 27, 2007. In addition, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/936,956is a continuation-in-part of International Application No.PCT/JP2012/006230, filed Sep. 28, 2012, and claims priority to JPApplication No. 2012-227444, filed Sep. 25, 2012. The contents of all ofthe above-listed applications and patents are incorporated herein byreference in their entireties.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to playing cards used for card games, andmore particularly, to shuffled playing cards packaged as an individualpack after being shuffled in a sufficiently random manner and to amanufacturing method thereof.

BACKGROUND ART

In poker, baccarat, bridge, blackjack, and other card games, a dealersets one or more decks of playing cards in a card shooter or the likeand deals cards to game players by shooting the cards one by one out ofthe card shooter or the like. In so doing, to ensure fairness of thegames, the cards need to be dealt at random. Therefore, a game host hasto shuffle the playing cards sufficiently randomly before the playingcards are set in the card shooter.

A conventional card shuffling apparatus used to shuffle cards isdisclosed, for example, in Patent Document 1.

-   Patent Document 1: Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2005-198668

However, when the game host shuffles cards before a game, the shufflingcan sometimes take a lot of time, hampering efficient operation of thegame. Also, when the game host shuffles, there is a problem of possiblecheating such as insertion/removal or switching of cards.

The present invention has been made in view of the above problems andhas an object to provide shuffled playing cards and manufacturing methodthereof which eliminate the need for a game host to shuffle cards beforegames by taking a lot of time as well as eliminate the possibility ofcheating.

SUMMARY

The present invention provides a manufacturing method of shuffledplaying cards characterized by comprising: a shuffling step of shufflinga predetermined number of decks of playing cards by a shuffling machineand thereby producing a set of shuffled playing cards; a packaging stepof individually packaging each shuffled playing cards subjected to theshuffling step; an ID generating step of creating a different shuffledcard ID for each set of shuffled playing cards subjected to theshuffling step using an information processor; an ID affixing step ofaffixing the shuffled card ID as an ID code to a package of the shuffledplaying cards; and an ID registration step of registering the shuffledcard ID in a database by associating the shuffled card ID withinformation which allows identification of the shuffling machine or ashuffling machine group involved in the shuffling step of the shuffledplaying cards affixed with the shuffled card ID.

The present invention provides shuffled playing cards which are apredetermined number of decks of playing cards shuffled and individuallypackaged, characterized in that a shuffled card ID for use to accessinformation in a database is affixed as an ID code to a package of theshuffled playing cards, where the information allows identification of ashuffling machine or a shuffling machine group used to shuffle theshuffled playing cards.

The present invention can provide shuffled playing cards which eliminatethe need for a game host to shuffle cards before games by taking a lotof time as well as eliminate the possibility of cheating. Also, since ashuffled card ID associated with information which allows identificationof the shuffling machine or shuffling machine group used to shuffle theshuffled playing cards is affixed to the package, if there is anyproblem with playing cards and it is believed that the cause of theproblem lies in a shuffling machine, the manufacturer can easilyidentify which shuffling machine or shuffling machine group has causedthe problem and take quick measures.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The features and advantages of the present invention will be more fullyunderstood with reference to the following, detailed description of anillustrative embodiment of the present invention when taken inconjunction with the accompanying figures.

FIGS. 1(a) and 1(b) are perspective views showing appearance of ashuffled playing card set (packaged individually) according to anembodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of a shufflingmachine used to shuffle playing cards in a manufacturing process of theshuffled playing card set according to the embodiment of the presentinvention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing part of a manufacturing line forthe shuffled playing card set according to the embodiment of the presentinvention;

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a variation of a schematic configuration ofthe shuffling machine according to the embodiment of the presentinvention; and

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing how an image used to check the number ofplaying cards is shot in the manufacturing process of the shuffledplaying card set according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a block diagram illustrating the entirety of a card shoeapparatus according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 shows an example of a card according to an exemplary embodimentof the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a plan view of a main portion of a card guide of the card shoeapparatus, with the card guide partially broken, according to anexemplary embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 9(a) is a cross-sectional view illustrating a main portion of acard movement restriction means according to an exemplary embodiment ofthe present invention that restricts the movement of cards from a cardhousing unit of the card shoe apparatus of FIG. 17 as viewed from theside.

FIG. 9(b) is a cross-sectional view illustrating a main portion of avariation of the card movement restriction means according to anotherexemplary embodiment of the present invention that restricts themovement of cards from a card housing unit of the card shoe apparatus ofFIG. 6 as viewed from the side.

FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating the relation between output waves fromsensors and marks of a card according to an exemplary embodiment of thepresent invention.

FIG. 11 is a block diagram illustrating a card shoe apparatus accordingto an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

FIGS. 12(a) and 12(b) show cards that have been improperly shuffledaccording to exemplary embodiments of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Embodiments of shuffled playing cards and manufacturing method thereofaccording to the present invention will be described below withreference to the drawings.

FIGS. 1(a) and 1(b) are perspective views showing appearance of ashuffled playing card set (packaged individually) according to oneembodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIGS. 1(a) and 1(b),the shuffled playing card set 1 according to the present embodiment issufficiently shuffled playing cards encased in a paper box 11 whose lidis sealed with an adhesive label 13. A predetermined number of decks(e.g., four decks or eight decks) form a set according to the type ofgame or the like in which the playing cards 12 are used. Incidentally,although a paper box is used for packaging in this example, the type ofpackaging is not limited to this. For example, a plastic box may be usedalternatively. Instead of a box, the playing cards may be wrapped with awrapper such as paper or plastic film and sealed with an adhesive label.The point is that the packaging can prevent the seal from being brokenopen before a game with subsequent cheating such as arranging cards in adifferent sequence, inserting or removing cards, or marking cards insome way or other.

A bar code 13 a and specification table 13 b are printed on the adhesivelabel 13. As described in detail later, the bar code 13 a represents anID (shuffled card ID) which can uniquely identify the shuffled playingcard set 1. The specification table 13 b, which is not absolutelynecessary, can contain any information about the playing cards, such asa serial number, a product number, a product name, a color, and a dateof manufacture.

As can be seen from FIGS. 1(a) and 1(b), since the shuffled playing cardset 1 has a mouth of the lid of the paper box 11 sealed with theadhesive label 13, in order to use the shuffled playing card set 1, theadhesive label 13 has to be removed or broken. To prevent cheating,preferably the adhesive label 13 is made of a material which, oncepeeled off, cannot be returned to its original attached state or isconfigured to be broken at least partially upon application of anexternal force tending to peel off the adhesive label 13.

As described above, since the shuffled playing card set 1 according tothe present embodiment contains shuffled playing cards 12 shuffled in asufficiently random manner and packaged individually in the paper box 11sealed with the adhesive label 13, in order to use the shuffled playingcard set 1 in a game, it is only necessary to open the paper box 11 andset the playing cards 12 promptly in a shooter. This eliminates the needfor a game host to shuffle the playing cards. It also eliminates thepossibility of cheating such as insertion/removal or switching of cardsduring shuffling.

Next, the manufacturing method of the shuffled playing card set 1according to the present embodiment will be described.

Preferably, a manufacturing process of the shuffled playing card set 1according to the present embodiment is placed under consistent processcontrol from order receipt to shipment by means of a process controlsystem. A manufacturing process which uses such a process control systemwill be described in the present embodiment.

First, when an order is received from a customer, a manufacturer of theshuffled playing card set 1 assigns and enters an order receipt numberin the process control system. The order receipt number may be assignedand entered using any desired method, and may be assigned automaticallyby the process control system.

As in the case of conventional playing cards, the shuffled playing cardset 1 according to the present embodiment is manufactured using playingcards created through processes in which suit and rank are printed onone side of card base paper, a design is printed on the other side, andthe printed card base paper is cut into individual cards on a cuttingmachine. Then, a predetermined number of decks of the playing cards aregrouped together according to the application of the playing cards(depending on what game the playing cards will be used in), shuffledsufficiently randomly, packaged as an individual pack, and sealed toproduce the shuffled playing card set 1 described above.

Before printing the card base paper, the manufacturer of the shuffledplaying card set 1 enters base paper information (e.g., maker, productname, purchase date, paper lot number, and the like) in the processcontrol system. In a printing process, the manufacturer of the shuffledplaying card set 1 enters printing process information (printing machinenumber, printing date/time, lot number, and the like) in the processcontrol system. Additionally, in a cutting process, the manufacturer ofthe shuffled playing card set 1 enters cutting process information(cutting machine number, cutting date/time, lot number, and the like) inthe process control system. Consequently, predetermined information outof information entered in each process is associated with the shuffledcard ID in a database of the process control system as described later.

Next, a shuffling process according to one embodiment of the presentinvention will be described.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of a shufflingmachine 100 used to shuffle playing cards in the manufacturing processof the shuffled playing card set 1 according to the present embodiment.As shown in FIG. 2, the shuffling machine 100 includes a card stackholder 101, a card feeder 102, a slide rail 103, feeder travel rollers104, a card delivery roller 105, a camera 106 (or a card sensor 109described later), and an image processing unit 108.

The card stack holder 101 has multiple pockets 101 a to 101 g.Incidentally, although in the configuration shown as an example in FIG.2, the card stack holder 101 has seven pockets, the card stack holder101 may have any number of pockets. Movable partition plates 107 a to107 f are installed between the pockets. The card feeder 102 is designedsuch that when all the playing cards to be shuffled are placed on thecard feeder 102, the card delivery roller 105 on the bottom rotates,sending out a card c from the lowermost part of the card feeder 102toward the card stack holder 101 through a card delivery port providedin a lower flank of the card feeder 102. Also, the card feeder 102 isconfigured to be slidable in a vertical (up and down) direction alongthe slide rail 103 by means of the feeder travel rollers 104 driven bydrive means such as a motor (not shown).

With the configuration described above, the shuffling machine 100alternately slides the card feeder 102 to a position facing any of thepockets 101 a to 101 g and sends out the card c from the card feeder 102to the pocket. Incidentally, the shuffling machine 100 determines theposition to move the card feeder 102 to, i.e., the position facing oneof the pockets 101 a to 101 g, at random using a random number generatorprogram or the like. Consequently, the cards loaded in the card feeder102 is sent out one by one in a random order to the pockets 101 a to 101g of the card stack holder 101. When all the cards loaded in the cardfeeder 102 are sent out to the card stack holder 101, the partitionplates 107 a to 107 f recede from the inside of the card stack holder101 and consequently cards sorted into the pockets 101 a to 101 g of thecard stack holder 101 are taken out of the shuffling machine 100 as asingle stack. However, the receding of the pockets 101 a to 101 g is notabsolutely necessary, and any alternative means may be used. Forexample, the cards may be taken out of the pockets 101 a to 101 g usinga robot arm or the like. The above is a single shuffling processperformed by the shuffling machine 100. After going through theshuffling process, a set of playing cards loaded in the card feeder 102are shuffled to some extent. If the card feeder 102 is controlled so asto slide in a highly random manner, a set of playing cards loaded in thecard feeder 102 can be shuffled sufficiently randomly after theshuffling machine 100 performs the shuffling process only once. However,as described later, if multiple shuffling machines 100 performing such ashuffling process are used to perform the shuffling process in sequence,the shuffled playing cards can be ordered more randomly.

The playing cards are loaded in the card feeder 102 with the face (sideon which suit and rank are printed) down (to the side of the camera106). Each time a card c is sent out from the card feeder 102 to thecard stack holder 101, the camera 106 shoots an image of the card c. Theresulting image is sent to the image processing unit 108. Functions ofthe camera 106 and image processing unit 108 vary among the shufflingmachines 100 depending on the position of the shuffling machines 100 ona manufacturing line described below.

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing part of a manufacturing line forthe shuffled playing card set 1 according to the present embodiment. Themanufacturing line includes multiple shuffling machines 100 configuredas described above and arranged in a sequence. Incidentally, although amanufacturing line with two shuffling machines 100 (shuffling machines100 a and 100 b) is shown as an example in FIG. 3, the number ofshuffling machines 100 is not limited to this and may be one, or morethan two. The shuffling machine 100 a is configured as shown in FIG. 2,but the shuffling machine 100 b is equipped with a card sensor 109instead of the camera 106. The card sensor 109 has the capability tocount the number of cards passing above the sensor.

As shown in FIG. 3, first, a set of playing cards made up of apredetermined number of decks is loaded into the card feeder 102 of theshuffling machine 100 a. The set of playing cards subjected to theshuffling process by the shuffling machine 100 a is loaded into the cardfeeder 102 of the shuffling machine 100 b. The sliding of the cardfeeders 102 on the shuffling machines 100 a and 100 b are controlledindependently of each other. After being subjected to the shufflingprocess twice by the shuffling machines 100 a and 100 b, the playingcards are shuffled more randomly.

An image of a card surface shot by the camera 106 on the shufflingmachine 100 a is subjected to an image analysis process by the imageprocessing unit 108 of the process control system which manages themanufacturing line including the shuffling machines 100 a and 100 b, andconsequently the suit and rank are detected on the card sent out fromthe card feeder 102 to the card stack holder 101. That is, on theshuffling machine 100 a, each time a card is sent out from the cardfeeder 102 to the card stack holder 101, the rank and suit on the cardare detected, and when the entire set of cards loaded in the card feeder102 is sent out to the card stack holder 101, it is checked whether ornot there is any excess or deficiency in the rank and suit combinationscontained in the set of cards. For example, a set of cards made up ofsix decks should contain six each of identical cards in terms of therank and suit combination. If there is any excess or deficiency in therank and suit combinations, the set of cards is discarded as a defectiveitem. In addition to the rank and suit checking, the image processingunit 108 inspects each card for any smudge and inspects a pattern of aback design and the like as well as inspects whether or not the cardshave been cut properly and whether or not each card complies withpredetermined standards. Any set of cards containing defects isdiscarded.

Being installed on the shuffling machine 100 b which performs theshuffling process the second time, the card sensor 109 counts the numberof cards passing above the card sensor 109. If three or more shufflingmachines are used, preferably the card sensor 109 is installed on thethird and subsequent shuffling machines. In this way, the shufflingmachine 100 b checks the number of cards in the set of cards to beshuffled and thereby inspects the final product for excess or deficiencyof cards. On the shuffling machine 100 a which performs the shufflingprocess the first time, preferably both sides of the card is inspectedsimultaneously by installing a mirror 110 as shown in FIG. 4 so that theback side (patterned side) of the card will face the camera 106 or byinstalling another camera (not shown) which will photograph the backside of the card.

When the shuffling machine 100 b which performs the final shufflingprocess finishes shuffling, the shuffling machine 100 b outputs ashuffle-complete signal. Upon detection of the shuffle-complete signal,the process control system generates a shuffled card ID to be assignedto the set of shuffled playing cards completed through the finalshuffling process. The shuffled card ID is generated as a unique ID foreach shuffled playing card set 1. The process control system associatesthe generated shuffled card ID with predetermined information out ofproduction information stored in the database of the process controlsystem. Any desired type and volume of such information may be used, butinformation which identifies the manufacturing line or shufflingmachines involved in the shuffling process is particularly important.

Specifically, if there are multiple manufacturing lines, themanufacturer of the shuffled playing card set 1 according to the presentembodiment assigns a unique manufacturing line ID to each manufacturingline in advance. Then, upon generation of a shuffled card ID, theprocess control system registers the generated shuffled card ID in thedatabase by associating the shuffled card ID with the manufacturing lineID of the manufacturing line involved in the manufacture of the shuffledplaying cards. However, IDs are not limited to such manufacturingline-related IDs. Alternatively, a shuffling machine ID may be assignedto each shuffling machine in advance and the shuffled card ID may beregistered in the database by being associated with all the shufflingmachine IDs involved in the shuffling process. Incidentally, thedatabase may be provided either in or outside the process controlsystem.

The generated shuffled card ID is printed on the adhesive label as a barcode by a printing machine. Then, the adhesive label 13 on which the barcode of the shuffled card ID is printed is used to seal the paper box 11as shown in FIG. 1 (a).

As a variation of the present embodiment, a process for shooting animage of the playing cards 12 encased in the paper box 11 may be addedbefore the paper box 11 is sealed with the adhesive label 13. Accordingto the variation, the set of playing cards 12 completed by going throughthe final shuffling process is encased in the paper box 11 with a sideface up as shown in FIG. 5. Then, with the lid of the paper box 11 open,an image of the playing cards 12 encased in the paper box 11 is shot bya digital camera 111 as shown in FIG. 5. During shooting, preferably thebar code of the shuffled card ID is shot together in the same image. Forexample, in addition to the adhesive label 13 used to seal the paper box11, one more adhesive label may be prepared, with the bar code of thesame shuffled card ID printed thereon. Then, the additional adhesivelabel can be pasted on an inner side or the like of the lid of the paperbox 11 and shot together with the playing cards 12. Image data resultingfrom the shooting is saved in a storage device 112 at least temporarilyand then registered in the database by being associated with theshuffled card ID. Immediately after shooting, the paper box 11 is sealedwith the adhesive label 13. Incidentally, although in the example shownin FIG. 5, an image is shot with the lid of the paper box 11 open, theform of image shooting for the purpose of checking the number of cardsis not limited to this. For example, slits or the like may be formed inthe lid of the paper box 11 so that the number of cards can be checkedeven when the lid is closed, and after the lid is closed and sealed, animage may be taken through the slits to check the number of cards. Theslits may be sealed after the shooting, for example, using a sealinglabel other than the adhesive label 13 or using an outer lid.

The image data is used to prove later that a predetermined number ofplaying cards 12 (e.g., 416 cards in the case of an 8-deck shuffledplaying cards) were all present when the paper box 11 was sealed.Otherwise, if the playing cards 12 are found to be excessive ordeficient when the cards are used, it is not clear whether someone withmalicious intent cheated by removing/slipping in cards or there weremanufacturing defects in the first place. By acquiring and saving imagedata of the playing cards 12 at the time of sealing as with the presentvariation, it is possible to prove that there was no manufacturingdefect. To judge the number of playing cards from the image data, imageprocessing is carried out. That is, in the case of playing cards used,for example, in casinos and the like, to prevent suit and rank frombeing seen through the back, each card generally has a multilayeredstructure with black paper and the like being used as an intermediatelayer. Consequently, the total number of playing cards 12 can be checkedby image processing which detects the black paper or a white portionadjoining the black paper using image data. In the case of cards whichdo not have an intermediate layer or whose intermediate layer cannot beseen from the side, the total number of playing cards 12 can be checkedby performing image processing to detect gaps between stacked playingcards using image data. Therefore, according to the present variation,preferably the image data acquired by shooting has a resolution highenough to enable image processing such as described above.

As described above, by registering the shuffled card ID of the shuffledplaying card set 1 in the database by associating the shuffled card IDwith the IDs of the manufacturing line or shuffling machine involved inthe manufacture of the shuffled playing card set 1 (and withphotographic image data such as described above, is necessary), thepresent embodiment provides the following advantages.

For example, if a customer who has purchased a shuffled playing card set1 notices any defect in the purchased cards, the customer informs themanufacturer of the shuffled playing card set 1 about the shuffled cardID. In so doing, the customer may send the adhesive label 13 on whichthe bar code of the shuffled card ID is printed to the manufacturer sothat the manufacturer will read the shuffled card ID using a barcodereader. Alternatively, the customer may read the shuffled card ID usinga barcode reader or the like and send the obtained data to themanufacturer via communications means such as e-mail. Consequently, bysearching the database using the shuffled card ID, the manufacturer canidentify a manufacturing line or shuffling machine that may have aproblem. In such a case, the manufacturer can alert customers about theshuffled playing card sets 1 manufactured on the same manufacturing lineor shuffling machine in the same period and take measures, if necessary,such as requesting the customers to discard the product or recalling theproduct. Also, by inspecting the identified manufacturing line orshuffling machine, the manufacturer can prevent a recurrence of thedefect.

Also, the manufacturer may deliver the shuffled playing card set 1 tothe customer together with a portable storage medium containing data(shuffled card ID and related information) on the shuffled playing cardset 1 to be delivered by downloading the data from the database at thetime of delivery. Any data structure (format) may be used for the datadownloaded from the database to the storage medium as long as the datais readable on the customer's computer. Then, if the customer finds adefect such as a bent card, the customer can read the shuffled card IDof the defective shuffled playing card set 1 using a barcode reader orthe like and search data on the storage medium based on the shuffledcard ID thus acquired. Also, based on search results, the customer cantake measures such as discarding shuffled playing card sets 1 related tothe same manufacturing line or shuffling machine. Besides, even iffraudulent shuffled playing card sets 1 are mixed in items delivered tothe customer, the customer can check the shuffled card IDs of thedelivered items with the shuffled card IDs stored in the storage medium.Then, any shuffled playing card set 1 whose shuffled card ID is notcontained in the storage medium provided at the time of delivery can bedetermined to have been mixed for fraudulent purposes. This preventsmixing of fraudulent items by a third party.

Although in the embodiment described above, the manufacturing line ID orthe shuffling machine ID of the shuffling machine that performed theshuffling process is stored in the database by being associated with theshuffled card ID, information to be associated with the shuffled card IDis not limited to this. For example, in the above embodiment, the camera106 is incorporated in the shuffling machine 100 and the image analysisprocess is performed by the image processing unit 108 simultaneouslywith shuffling to inspect whether or not all the cards are present.However, as a variation, inspection machines including the camera 106and image processing unit 108 may be installed downstream of eachshuffling process, so that the cards having completed shuffling by theshuffling machines 100 a and 100 b can be inputted in the inspectionmachines to inspect whether or not all the cards are present. In thatcase, an inspection machine ID may be assigned to each inspectionmachine in advance and associated with the shuffled card ID assigned toeach shuffled playing card set 1.

Besides, various information can be associated with the shuffled cardID, including an ID of the printing machine involved in the printingprocess, an ID of the cutting machine involved in the cutting process,an ID of the packaging machine involved in a packaging process, a lotnumber of the base paper, a manufacturing date, a manufacturingdate/time, a card type ID, and a customer ID. In that case, theinformation can be registered in the database by being associated withthe shuffled card ID containing the information.

In the above embodiment, the paper box 11 is sealed with the adhesivelabel 13 on which the shuffled card ID is printed as a bar code.However, forms of the present invention are not limited to this. Theshuffled card ID may be affixed to the package as a two-dimensionalmatrix code such as a so-called QR code. Also, the shuffled card ID maybe recorded somewhere other than the sealing label. That is, a methodwhich records the shuffled card ID directly on the package may also beadopted. For example, the shuffled card ID can be affixed to the packageby laser irradiation or the like. It is also preferable to attach theshuffled card ID to the package as a PFID or RFID (so-called IC tag).

Furthermore, although in the present embodiment, one shuffled card ID isassigned to one shuffled card set 1, a unique ID may be assigned, forexample, to each carton packed with multiple shuffled card sets 1.Alternatively, a unique ID may be assigned to each container used totransport multiple cartons. Even in these cases, if the ID is registeredin the database, when any defect is found later, by searching thedatabase based on the ID, it is possible to trace manufacturing anddistribution history of the defective product.

For example, in a cartoning process, a predetermined number of shuffledcard sets 1 (boxes) are packed in a carton. In so doing, by reading thebar codes 13 a of the shuffled card sets 1 packed in the carton using abarcode reader, the shuffled card IDs of the shuffled card sets 1 in thecarton can be registered easily in the database of the process controlsystem. After the bar codes 13 a are read from all the shuffled cardsets 1 in the carton, the process control system may generate an ID(carton ID) for use to identify the carton and print a bar code whichrepresents the carton ID on an adhesive label. The adhesive label, whenpasted to the carton, will enable carton-based management. The generatedcarton ID is registered in the database by being associated with theshuffled card IDs of the shuffled card sets 1 packed in the carton.

Similarly, when a predetermined number of cartons are loaded on a palletand multiple pallets are put in a container, the carton IDs may be readfrom all the cartons loaded on one pallet using a barcode reader and theacquired carton IDs may be registered in the database of the processcontrol system by being associated with an ID (pallet ID) for use toidentify the pallet. In that case, after the bar codes are read from allthe cartons on one pallet, the process control system generates an ID(pallet ID) for use to identify the pallet and prints the bar code whichrepresents the pallet ID on an adhesive label. The adhesive label, whenpasted to the pallet, will enable pallet-based management. When thepallet is loaded in the container, the use of the pallet's bar codemakes it possible to record which container the pallet is loaded in.

When the loading into the container is completed, shipment information(customer name, shipment date, destination, transport company, type ofdelivery service, and the like) by the pallet or container is inputtedin the process control system.

Thus, in addition to attaching the shuffled card ID to packages, if acarton ID or pallet ID are attached to cartons or pallets, the shuffledplaying cards can be managed on a carton-by-carton basis orpallet-by-pallet basis. Specifically, for example, if any defect isfound in a shuffled card set 1, the database can be searched for the IDsof the carton, pallet, and container in which the shuffled card set 1was contained, based on the shuffled card ID of the shuffled card set 1.This also makes it possible to discard all the shuffled card sets 1 inthe carton, pallet, or container in which the defective shuffled cardset 1 was contained.

The shuffling machine 100 illustrated in the above embodiment 1 sstrictly exemplary, and concrete configuration of the shuffling machineis not limited to the above example. For example, in the above, althoughthe card feeder 102 is configured to move by sliding, the card feeder102 may be fixed, being configured such that the card stack holder 101will slide relative to the card feeder 102. Also, the configuration forsending out the card from the card feeder 102 is not limited to deliveryrollers such as described above, and a mechanism such as a robot arm maybe used to take out the card.

Also, although in the above embodiment, the shuffling machine 100 bissues a shuffled card ID in response to a shuffle-complete signal, thetiming to issue the shuffled card ID is not limited to this. Forexample, the shuffled card ID may be issued at any time such as at theend of an inspection process.

An embodiment of the present invention has been described above, and thescope of the present invention also covers the following annexes.

Annex 1

A playing card manufacturing method comprising a manufacturing processincluding: face printing step of printing rank and suit of playing cardson one side of base paper; a back side printing step of printing a backdesign on another side of the base paper; a step of cutting a card basepaper printed in both the face printing step and the back side printingstep into individual playing cards on a cutting machine; a shufflingstep of gathering the individual playing cards cut in the cutting stepinto a predetermined number of decks and shuffling the playing cards toproduce a set of shuffled playing cards; and a packaging step ofpackaging the individual shuffled playing cards produced in theshuffling step, characterized in that a different shuffled card ID iscreated for each of the individual shuffled playing cards using aninformation processor in response to a shuffle completion signal from ashuffling machine which carries out the shuffling step, the playing cardmanufacturing method further comprises an ID affixing step of affixingthe shuffled card ID as an ID code to a package of the individualshuffled playing cards, and the shuffled card ID represented by the IDcode is configured in a database by being associated with informationabout the shuffling machine involved in the shuffling step of thecorresponding individual shuffled playing cards or information about aproduction line including the shuffling machine and involved in themanufacturing process, and the database is configured so as to allowidentification of the shuffling machine or the production line includingthe shuffling machine based on the shuffled card ID, the shufflingmachine having been involved in the shuffling step in the manufacturingprocess of the individual playing cards which make up the individualshuffled playing cards.

Annex 2

A playing card manufacturing method comprising a manufacturing processincluding: face printing step of printing rank and suit of playing cardson one side of base paper; a back side printing step of printing a backdesign on another side of the base paper; a step of cutting a card basepaper printed in both the face printing step and the back side printingstep into individual playing cards on a cutting machine; a shufflingstep of gathering the individual playing cards cut in the cutting stepinto a predetermined number of decks and shuffling the playing cards toproduce a set of shuffled playing cards; and an inspection step ofperforming an inspection using an inspection machine during or after theshuffling step to ensure that the individual playing cards in thepredetermined number of decks which make up the shuffled playing cardsare all present; a packaging step of packaging the individual shuffledplaying cards produced in the shuffling step, characterized in that adifferent shuffled card ID is created for each of the individualshuffled playing cards using an information processor in response to anacceptance signal given by the inspection machine in the inspectionstep, the playing card manufacturing method further comprises an IDaffixing step of affixing the shuffled card ID as an ID code to apackage of the individual shuffled playing cards, and the shuffled cardID is configured in a database by being associated with informationabout the inspection machine involved in the inspection step of thecorresponding individual shuffled playing cards or information about aproduction line including the inspection machine and involved in themanufacturing process, and the database is configured so as to allowidentification of the inspection machine or the production lineincluding the inspection machine based on the shuffled card ID, theinspection machine having been involved in the inspection step in themanufacturing process of the individual playing cards which make up theindividual shuffled playing cards.

Annex 3

The playing card manufacturing method according to annex 1 or 2, furthercomprising a step of inputting data which identifies a printing machineused in at least one of the face printing step and the back sideprinting step, in the information processor, characterized in that theinformation about the production line which performs the manufacturingprocess for the individual shuffled playing cards includes the datawhich identifies the printing machine, and the database is configured soas to allow identification of the printing machine used in theproduction line for the individual playing cards which make up theindividual shuffled playing cards, based on the shuffled card ID.

Annex 4

The playing card manufacturing method according to annex 1 or 2,characterized in that the information about the production line whichperforms the manufacturing process for the individual shuffled playingcards includes a lot number of the base paper used in the face printingstep or the back side printing step, and the database is configured soas to allow identification of the lot number corresponding to theindividual playing cards which make up the individual shuffled playingcards, based on the shuffled card ID which identifies the individualshuffled playing cards.

Annex 5

The playing card manufacturing method according to any one of annexes 1to 4, characterized in that the predetermined number of decks which makeup the individual shuffled playing cards is any of 1 to 10.

Annex 6

The playing card manufacturing method according to any one of annexes 1to 5, further comprising a step of packing a plurality of the packagedindividual shuffled playing cards into a transport box, whereindifferent transport box data is created for each of the transport boxes;the playing card manufacturing method further comprises a step ofaffixing the corresponding transport box data as an ID code on a surfaceof the transport box; and the transport box data is included in thedatabase by being associated with the shuffled card IDs which identifythe shuffled playing cards in the transport box.

Annex 7

The playing card manufacturing method according to any one of annexes 1to 6, characterized in that the ID code further contains any ofmanufacturing date, manufacturing date/time, product type, and customerinformation concerning the shuffled playing cards identified by theshuffled card ID.

Annex 8

The playing card manufacturing method according to any one of annexes 1to 7, wherein the ID code which represents the shuffled card ID isattached in barcode format to the corresponding package of the shuffledplaying cards.

Annex 9

The playing card manufacturing method according to any one of annexes 1to 7, wherein the ID code which represents the shuffled card ID isattached in QR code (two-dimensional matrix code) format to thecorresponding package of the shuffled playing cards.

Annex 10

The playing card manufacturing method according to any one of annexes 1to 7, wherein the ID code which represents the shuffled card ID isattached in PFID format to the corresponding package of the shuffledplaying cards.

Annex 11

The playing card manufacturing method according to any one of annexes 1to 7, wherein the ID code which represents the shuffled card ID isattached in IC tag format to the corresponding package of the shuffledplaying cards.

Annex 12

Shuffled playing cards manufactured in a manufacturing process whichincludes: a face printing step of printing rank and suit of playingcards on one side of base paper; a back side printing step of printing aback design on another side of the base paper; a step of cutting a cardbase paper printed in both the face printing step and the back sideprinting step into individual playing cards on a cutting machine; ashuffling step of gathering the individual playing cards cut in thecutting step into a predetermined number of decks and shuffling theplaying cards to produce a set of shuffled playing cards; and apackaging step of packaging the individual shuffled playing cardsproduced in the shuffling step, characterized in that a shuffled card IDcreated for each individual shuffled playing cards in response to ashuffling step completion signal from the shuffling step is attached tothe corresponding package of the individual shuffled playing cards,where the shuffled card ID differs among individual shuffled playingcards, the shuffled card ID is configured in a database by beingassociated with information about the shuffling machine involved in theshuffling step of the corresponding individual shuffled playing cards orinformation about a production line including the shuffling machine andinvolved in the manufacturing process, allowing identification of theshuffling machine or the production line including the shufflingmachine, the shuffling machine having been involved in the shufflingstep in the manufacturing process of the individual playing cards whichmake up the individual shuffled playing cards.

Annex 13

Shuffled playing cards manufactured in a manufacturing process whichincludes: a face printing step of printing rank and suit of playingcards on one side of base paper; a back side printing step of printing aback design on another side of the base paper; a step of cutting thecard base paper printed in both the face printing step and the back sideprinting step into individual playing cards on a cutting machine; ashuffling step of gathering the individual playing cards cut in thecutting step into a predetermined number of decks and shuffling theplaying cards to produce a set of shuffled playing cards; and aninspection step of performing an inspection using an inspection machineduring or after the shuffling step to ensure that the individual playingcards in the predetermined number of decks which make up the shuffledplaying cards are all present; and a packaging step of packaging theindividual shuffled playing cards produced in the shuffling step,characterized in that a shuffled card ID created for each individualshuffled playing cards in response to an acceptance signal given by theinspection machine in the inspection step is attached to thecorresponding package of the individual shuffled playing cards, wherethe shuffled card ID differs among individual shuffled playing cards,the shuffled card ID is configured in a database by being associatedwith information about the inspection machine involved in the inspectionstep of the corresponding individual shuffled playing cards orinformation about a production line including the inspection machine andinvolved in the manufacturing process, allowing identification of theinspection machine or the production line including the inspectionmachine, the inspection machine having been involved in the inspectionstep in the manufacturing process of the individual playing cards whichmake up the individual shuffled playing cards.

Annex 14

The shuffled playing cards according to annex 12 or 13, characterized inthat the ID code further contains any of manufacturing date,manufacturing date/time, product type, and customer informationconcerning the shuffled playing cards identified by the shuffled cardID.

Annex 15

The shuffled playing cards according to according to any one of annexes12 to 14, characterized in that the predetermined number of decks is anyof 1 to 10.

Annex 16

The playing card manufacturing method according to any one of annexes 12to 15, characterized in that the ID code which represents the shuffledcard ID is attached in barcode format or two-dimensional matrix codeformat (such as QR code format) to the corresponding package of theshuffled playing cards.

Annex 17

The shuffled playing cards according to annex 16, characterized in thatthe ID code is printed on a label, which is attached to the package ofthe shuffled playing cards.

Annex 18

The shuffled playing cards according to annex 16, characterized in thatthe ID code is attached to the package of the individual shuffledplaying cards using a laser beam.

Annex 19

The playing card manufacturing method according to any one of annexes 12to 15, wherein the ID code which represents the shuffled card ID isattached in PFID format to the corresponding package of the shuffledplaying cards.

Annex 20

The playing card manufacturing method according to any one of annexes 12to 15, wherein the ID code which represents the shuffled card ID isattached in IC tag format to the corresponding package of the shuffledplaying cards.

Annex 21

The shuffled playing cards according to any one of annexes 12 to 20,wherein a tamper-evident adhesive label is attached to the package ofthe individual shuffled playing cards.

DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

The present invention has industrial applicability in the field ofshuffled playing cards and a manufacturing method thereof.

An embodiment of a table game system of the present invention will bedescribed below in detail. FIG. 6 is a block diagram illustrating a cardshoe apparatus, generally designated by reference number 304, for use ina table game system according to an exemplary embodiment of the presentinvention. FIG. 7 illustrates a card 301 that may be used in the tablegame system according to an exemplary embodiment of the presentembodiment. The card 301 may be used in a table game such as baccarat. Acode 302 may be disposed at the upper side and the lower side of theface of the card 301 in a point-symmetric manner. The code 302 may becomposed of marks M that are invisible to the naked eye. Also, the card301 includes an authenticity determination code 303 made up of codedinformation that indicates the authenticity of the card. Theauthenticity determination code 303 is arranged by printing or the likeso as to be invisible to the naked eye, using, for example, ultravioletreactive ink.

The card shoe apparatus 304 includes a card guide unit 307 that guidescards 301 that are manually drawn out one by one from a card housingunit 305 onto a game table 306, a code reading unit 308 that reads, whena card 301 is manually drawn out from the card housing unit 305 by adealer or the like of a casino, the code 302 that indicates a figure(number, rank) of that card 301, a winning/losing determination unit 310that determines the winning/losing of the card game based on the numbersof the cards 301 sequentially read by the code reading unit 308, and anoutput means 311 that outputs the result of the determination made bythe winning/losing determination unit 310. The card guide unit 307includes a card movement restriction means 330, 340 (to be describedlater) that restricts the movement of the card 301 from the card housingunit 305.

Next, the code reading unit 308 that reads, from a card 301, the code302 that indicates a figure (number, rank) of the card 301 when the card301 is manually drawn out from the card housing unit 305 will bedescribed in detail with reference to FIG. 8. The code reading unit 308is provided in the card guide unit 307 that guides the cards 301manually taken out one by one from an opening 313 onto the game table306, with the opening 313 provided in a front portion of the cardhousing unit 305. The card guide unit 307 includes an inclined surfaceand a card guide 314 attached at an edge portion of each of both sidesof the inclined surface, with the card guide 314 also serving as asensor cover. The card guide 314 is configured to beattachable/detachable with screws or the like (not shown) so as to bereplaceable. When a card guide 314 is removed, a sensor group 315 of thecode reading portion 308 is exposed. The sensor group 315 is composed offour sensors, including two ultraviolet reactive sensors (UV sensors)320 and 321, and object detection sensors 322 and 323.

The object detection sensors 322 and 323 are optical fiber sensors thateach detect the presence of the card 301, and are capable of detectingmovement of the card 301. The object detection sensor 322 is placed inthe upstream side of the card guide unit 307 with respect to the traveldirection of the card 301 (indicated by the arrow S in FIG. 8), and theobject detection sensor 323 is placed in the downstream side of the cardguide unit 307 with respect to the travel direction of the card 301. Asshown in FIG. 8, the object detection sensors 322 and 323 arerespectively provided in the upstream side and the downstream side ofthe UV sensors 320 and 321. The UV sensors 320 and 321 each include anLED (UV LED) that emits an ultraviolet ray and a detector. The marks Mare printed on the card 301 in UV luminescent ink that emits color whenUV ray is applied. The card 301 is irradiated with the UV ray (blacklight), and the detector detects the light reflected by the marks M ofthe code 302 of the card 301. The UV sensors 320 and 321 are connectedto a control apparatus 312 of the code reading unit 308 via a cable. Inthe code reading unit 308, the arrangement patterns of the marks M aredetermined based on the output signals from the detectors of the UVsensors 320 and 321, such that the number (rank) corresponding to thecode 302 is determined.

In the code reading unit 308, the start and end of the reading performedby the UV sensors 320 and 321 are controlled by the control apparatus312 based on the detection signals from the object detection sensors 322and 323. Also, the control apparatus 312 determines whether the card 301has normally passed through the card guide unit 307 based on thedetection signals from the object detection sensors 322 and 323. Asshown in FIG. 7, the rectangular marks M are arranged within a frameworkof two rows with four columns on each of the upper and bottom edges of acard, and the arrangement of such marks indicates the rank (number) andthe suit (Heart, Spade or the like) of the card. According to anexemplary embodiment, for each card, a mark M may either be present orabsent at each of the predetermined locations within the framework ofrows and columns depending on the particular mark and suit to beencoded. When the UV sensor(s) 320 and/or 321 detect(s) a mark M that isfilled in, such UV sensor(s) output(s) an on signal, and when the UVsensor(s) 320 and/or 321 do not detect a mark M, an on signal is notgenerated. In this way, the code reading unit 308 identifies the codebased on the relative difference or the like between the two marks Mdetected by the two UV sensors 320 and 321, thereby identifying thenumber (rank) and the type (suit) of the corresponding card 301.

The relation between the code 302 and the output of the on signals fromthe two UV sensors 320 and 321 are shown in FIG. 10. It is possible toidentify a predetermined arrangement pattern of the marks M based on thecomparison results of the relative changes in the output of the onsignals from the UV sensors 320 and 321. As a result, in two rows (theupper and lower rows), four types of arrangement patterns of the mark Mare possible, and since patterns are printed in four columns, it ispossible to form 256 types of codes (4×4×4×4). Fifty two (52) playingcards are each assigned to one of the 256 codes, and the relations ofsuch assignment are stored in memory 12M as an association table. Aconfiguration is thereby adopted in which the card reading unit 308 can,by identifying the code 302, identify the number (rank) and the type(suit) of the card 301 based on that predetermined association table(not shown). It should be appreciated that the assignment of a specificcode of the 256 codes to each playing card does not need to be fixed,and in other exemplary embodiments of the invention each of the 52 cardscan be freely associated with 52 codes out of the 256 codes to be storedin the association table, and thus a variety of associations arepossible. Therefore, it is possible to change the associations betweenthe 256 codes and 52 cards depending on the time or place. Preferably,the code is printed with a paint material that becomes visible whenirradiated with UV ray, and placed in a position where it does notoverlap the indications of the card types or indexes 402.

An association table may be prepared by freely associating 52 codes outof the 256 codes with 52 cards, and a plurality of different associationtables (ex. 1 to 10 or more tables) may be prepared in advance. If thecode 302 does not match the code defined in the applicable associationtable, an error is detected and it is determined that cheating may haveoccurred.

Next, the configuration of the control apparatus 312 will be described.The control apparatus 312, the code reading unit 308, the winning/losingdetermination unit 310 and the like are realized by a computerapparatus, and in particular a computer apparatus including at least amemory, at least a processor, and at least a non-transitory computerreadable medium on which may be stored instructions that are read by theat least one processor to perform algorithms according to variousexemplary embodiments of the present invention. The numbers of cardssequentially taken out onto the game table 306 are acquired using the UVsensors 320 and 321 in the code reading unit 308, and the numbers ofcards thus acquired are sequentially stored in a memory. At this time,information on which card 301 is dealt to which player is also stored.The number of each card is stored in association with the player to whomthat card was dealt. In baccarat, there is a player and a banker. Therank (number) of the card dealt is stored in the memory in associationwith the player to whom it was dealt, and the ranks (number) of thecards dealt are added for each player, and the winner is determinedbased on the programmed rules. A “tie” is also judged. Thewinning/losing determination unit 310 determines the winning/losing ofthe card game based on the numbers of the cards 301 sequentially read bythe code reading unit 308 and whether the game of this round is over.When the game of this round is over, an operator or dealer is requiredto push a result key 360 on the side of a card shoe apparatus 304 to letthe output means 311 output the result of the game.

Next, the card movement restriction means 330 that restricts themovement of the card 301 to/from the card housing unit 305 will bedescribed with reference to FIGS. 9(a), 9(b) and 11. In FIG. 9(a), thecard movement restriction means 330 is provided in the card guide 314 ofthe card guide unit 307 that guides the cards 301 taken out one by onefrom the opening 313, which is provided in a front portion of the cardhousing unit 305. The card movement restriction means 330 has astructure by which when a card 301 passes through a slot 333 between thecard guide unit 307 and the card guide 314, a lock member 334 pressesthe card 301 to prohibit the movement of the card 301 within the slot333. The lock member 334 is capable of moving in the direction indicatedby the arrow M by a driving unit 335 composed of an electromagneticsolenoid, a piezoelectric device or the like, such that it can take twopositions, namely, a position where the card 301 is pressed (restrictedposition) and a position where the card 301 is allowed to pass through.The driving unit 335 is controlled by the control apparatus 312, andcauses the lock member 334 to move to two positions, namely, a positionwhere the card 301 is pressed and a position where the card 301 isallowed to pass through. The rules of the baccarat game are programmedand stored in advance in the control apparatus 312.

Next, an alternative embodiment of the card movement restriction means330 will be described with reference to FIG. 9(b). According to thisembodiment, a card movement restriction means 340 has a structure bywhich when a card 301 passes through the slot 333 between the card guideunit 307 and the card guide 314, a lock member 336 protrudes into theslot 333 to prohibit movement of the card 301. The lock member 336 iscapable of moving in the direction indicated by the arrow M by a drivingunit 337 composed of an electromagnetic solenoid, a piezoelectric deviceor the like, such that it can take two positions, namely, a positionwhere movement of the card 301 is prohibited (restricted position) and aposition where the card 301 is allowed to pass through. The driving unit337 is controlled by the control apparatus 312, and causes the lockmember 336 to move to two positions, namely, a position where movementof the card 301 is prohibited and a position where the card 301 isallowed to pass through.

The card movement restriction means 330 (340) is caused to function as aresult of the driving unit 335 or 337 being controlled by the controlapparatus 312 to prevent the fraudulent movement of the card 301. Thecard movement restriction means 330 (340) is provided with the objectdetection sensors 322 and 323 as sensors for detecting movement of thecard 301, and has a function of detecting movement of the card 301 withthese sensors 322 and 323 to restrict the erroneous or fraudulentmovement of a card. In this regard, the card movement restriction means330 (340) may be controlled to prevent the movement of the card 301 inat least the following situations:

-   -   1) when there is an attempt to draw a card at an inappropriate        time. For example, the drawing of a card 301 from the card        housing unit 305 may be prohibited when such drawing should not        be allowed based on the information from the winning/losing        determination unit 310. The winning/losing determination unit        310 determines the winning/losing of the card game based on the        numbers of the cards 301 sequentially read by the code reading        unit 308 and whether the game of the particular round is over.        When the round is over, the dealer must push a result key 360 on        the side of a card shoe apparatus 304 to instruct the output        means 311 to output the result of the game. However, the dealer        may attempt to withdraw a card after the round is over and        before pushing the result key 360, in which case an overdraw        error may be detected and the attempted withdrawal of the card        may be prohibited by the card movement restriction means        330(340). In particular, when the object detection sensors 322        detects a card (FIG. 8), the card movement restriction means 330        (340) may be controlled to prohibit the drawing of a card 301        from the card housing unit 305 when such drawing should not be        allowed. Since there is some distance between the position of        the object detection sensors 322 and the position of the card        movement restriction means 330 (340), there is enough time        between when the object detection sensors 322 detects erroneous        movement of a card and when the driving unit 335 or 337 begins        operation to restrict the card from drawing further;    -   2) when the card stands still (stops) at predetermined period of        time at the opening of the card housing unit. For example, when        the object detection sensors 322 detects a card is being held in        the card guide unit 307 for longer than a predetermined time, an        error signal may be generated and, based on the error signal,        the card movement restriction means 330(340) may prohibit        further movement of the card. In this regard, a timer (not        shown) may be activated when the object detection sensors 322        detect the card, and once the timer reaches a predetermined        count, the card movement restriction means 330(340) may be        controlled to prohibit further card movement;    -   3) when a card 301 is inserted from the exterior toward the card        housing unit via the opening unit in a reverse direction,        opposite to the direction of the arrow S, namely, from the        exterior toward the card housing unit 305 via the opening 313.        In this case, although the card 301 inserted for the purpose of        cheating passes through the slot 333 between the card guide unit        307 and the card guide 314, the movement of the card 301 in a        direction opposite to the normal direction (the direction        opposite to the arrow S in FIG. 8) is detected based on the        detection signals from the object detection sensors 322 and 323.        The driving units 335 or 337 may then move their corresponding        lock members 334 or 336 to their respective positions of        pressing or blocking the card 301, respectively;    -   4) when a card is misread. For example, the card movement        restriction means 330(340) may be controlled to prohibit        movement of a card when the code reading unit 308 is unable to        identify a code 302 on the card, such as when a code is not        present on the card or when the code is present but does not        correspond to any code within a code association table. A        misreading error may also occur when it is detected that the        card has not normally passed along the card guide unit 307 or        has slipped back;    -   5) when an authenticity determination code detected by        authenticity determination code sensor placed in the card guide        unit 307 does not match the predetermined proper authenticity        determination code. In this regard, a card 301 may be provided        with an authenticity determination code 303 that is configured        by encoding information that represents the group of the card.        For example, card sets may be assigned a group code depending on        the particular casino, casino group, casino location,        geographical areas or countries in which the cards are intended        for use. The authenticity determination code may be printed        using, for example, UV ink, so as to be invisible to the naked        eye, and is provided in the same position in at least the cards        of the same set (i.e., all cards to be used at the same casino).        The authenticity determination code 303 is made of a substance        or material itself that emits, as a code, light rays of        different wavelength spectra when irradiated with light rays. An        authenticity determination code corresponding to a particular        set of cards used in a card game may be stored in the memory        unit and referred to by the control unit 312. Accordingly, the        authenticity determination code 303 on a card can be read by the        code reading unit 308 (sensor 324) and compared to the stored        authenticity determination code. If there is a mismatch between        the stored code and the code on the card, the card movement        restriction means 330(340) may be activated to prohibit further        movement of the card;    -   6) when an authenticity determination code detected by        authenticity determination code sensor placed in the card guide        unit 307 does not match the predetermined proper authenticity        determination code. In this regard, a card 301 may be provided        with an authenticity determination code 303 that is configured        by encoding information that represents the group of the card.        The authenticity determination code may be printed using, for        example, UV ink, so as to be invisible to the naked eye, and is        provided in the same position in at least the cards of the same        set. The authenticity determination code 303 is made of a        substance or material itself that emits, as a code, light rays        of different wavelength spectra when irradiated with light rays.        An authenticity determination code corresponding to a particular        set of cards used in a card game may be stored in the memory        unit and referred to by the control unit 312. Accordingly, the        authenticity determination code 303 on a card can be read by the        code reading unit 308 (sensor 324) and compared to the stored        authenticity determination code. If there is a mismatch between        the stored code and the code on the card, the card movement        restriction means 330(340) may be activated to prohibit further        movement of the card.

The drawing of a card 301 from the card housing unit 305 may beprohibited when (1) the code 302 read by the code reading unit 308 doesnot match the code defined in the association table and (2) theauthenticity determination code 303 detected by the authenticitydetermination code sensor 324 placed in the upstream side of the cardguide unit 307 does not match the predetermined proper authenticitydetermination code. The presence of at least one of these conditions maybe indicative of cheating, and an error signal may be generated so thatthe card movement restriction means 330 (340) is operated to preventfurther movement of a card.

Upon operation of the card movement restriction means 330(340), an errorsignal output means 350 disposed on the card housing unit 305 mayprovide an external signal indicating that an error has occurred. Theerror signal output means 350 may include, for example, a lamp and/or anaudible alarm.

According to an exemplary embodiment, the card movement restrictionmeans 330(340) may be activated to prohibit delivery of further cardsfrom a predetermined number of shuffled decks of cards when a number oftimes at least one kind of card appears is more than the total number ofshuffled decks of playing cards. For example, the card movementrestriction means 330(340) may be activated when a ninth ace of spadesis detected in a set of cards drawn from eight shuffled decks of cards,indicating that there is at least one more card than would beappropriate based on the number of decks.

According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the cardshoe apparatus 304 may detect an irregularity in the manner in which thecards are shuffled and in some cases generate an alert and/or prohibitremoval of cards from the card housing unit 305 based on the detectedirregularity. In this regard, the information collected by the cardreading unit 308 as the cards are drawn from the card housing unit 305may be used to determine whether the cards have been shuffledimproperly. An irregularity in the arrangement order of the cards willbe described with reference to FIG. 12(a) and FIG. 12(b). FIG. 12(a)shows an example where the cards 301 drawn from the card housing unit305 have the same suit (Clubs) with sequential figures (number, rank)beginning from Ace. FIG. 12(b) shows an example where the cards 301drawn from the card housing unit 305 consist of 9 cards with the samerank (3). Generally, the cards 301 are shuffled by a random numbergenerator or the like so as to be arranged in a random order. Thearrangement of the cards 301 shown in FIGS. 12(a) and 12(b) issubstantially non-random, thus indicating an irregular shuffling of theplaying cards 301. Other examples of card arrangements which mayindicate a shuffling irregularity include: (a) a case in which apredetermined number of cards within a set of cards exhibit a pattern inwhich the rank of a card is larger (or smaller) by one as compared tothe rank of the preceding card (for example, 1, 2, 3, 4 . . . K) (asshown in FIG. 12(a)); (b) a case where a predetermined number of cardsin sequence have the same rank (for example, A, A, A, A . . . ) (asshown in FIG. 12(b)); (c) a case where the same sequence is repeatedthroughout a predetermined number of cards (for example, A, Q, 10, A, Q,10 . . . ); (d) a case where a predetermined number of cards in sequencehave the same suit (for example, 13 consecutive cards with Hearts); (e)a case in which a predetermined number of cards in each of two or moresets of cards have the same sequence of suit and rank (A, 5, Q, J, 2, 8,9, K . . . ). In particular, for each card game, a different set ofcards may be housed in the card shoe apparatus 304. A shufflingirregularity may be detected if a predetermined number of cards in alater-used set match the same predetermined number of cards in anearlier-used set in terms of suit and/or rank sequence; and (f) a casewhere the order of a predetermined number of cards matches an orderregistered in advance (for example, where the order of the cards matchesthe order of cards used in a separate card manufacturing process).

Irregular shuffling patterns (such as examples (a)-(d)) as well as thesequence of suit and rank (e.g., A, 5, Q, J, 2, 8, 9, K . . . ) of cardsets previously housed in the card shoe apparatus 304 may be stored inthe memory 312M, and the control unit 312 may use this storedinformation to determine whether irregular shuffling has occurred. Forexample, irregular shuffling may be determined if the order of apredetermined number of cards 301 within a set matches at least aportion of the stored patterns. In another example, irregular shufflingmay be determined if a number of card sets each used in one of apredetermined number of games include a predetermined number of cardsthat match the stored patterns.

As another example, a shuffling irregularity may be determined when eachdeck of cards within a set of cards is detected to be shuffled in thesame or substantially similar way. For example, a shuffling irregularitymay be detected when, for a plurality of cards, the suit and rank ofeach card drawn are the same as those of the card preceding it by 52cards. In such a case, shuffling of a plurality of decks has failed forsome reason, and instead each of the 52 cards is arranged in the sameorder.

In general, a shuffling irregularity may be detected when a storedpattern continues throughout a predetermined number of cards. In thisregard, a preliminary alarm of irregularity may be generated at somepoint prior to the stored pattern being detected in all of thepredetermined number of cards. For example, a preliminary alarm may begenerated upon the drawing of a card that is several cards before theend of a predetermined number of cards. The preliminary alarm may be ina form different from the final alarm, for example, by characters, in acertain color, or with a different lamp. In an exemplary embodiment, ifa state does not continue to be irregular throughout a predeterminednumber of cards and returns to a random state, then the preliminaryalarm may be cancelled.

If a shuffling irregularity is detected, a final alarm may be generatedand the control unit 312 may operate the card movement restriction means330(340) to restrict movement of the card 301 relative to the opening313 in the card housing unit 305.

The preferred embodiment of the invention has been described hitherto.However, it is natural that the invention is not limited to theabove-described embodiment, but persons skilled in the art can alter theabove-described embodiment within the scope of the invention.

What is claimed:
 1. A card shuffling device comprising: a plurality ofcompartments; and a card feeder that includes a surface on which a stackof cards can be held; wherein the device is configured to: on a randombasis, shift the surface of the card feeder to be positioned atpositions corresponding to different respective ones of the plurality ofcompartments; at each of the positions, feed a card from the stack thatis on the surface into the respective compartment to which therespective surface position corresponds; and combine all of the cards ofthe stack of cards that had been held on the surface of the card feederand had been transferred to the plurality of compartments into a singleshuffled stack.
 2. The device of claim 1, further comprising arespective movable partition between each pair of immediately adjacentones of the plurality of compartments, wherein, for the combining of theall of the cards into the single shuffled stack, the device isconfigured to move the partitions so that they do not separate the cardsin the respective pairs of compartments to which the respectivepartitions correspond.
 3. The device of claim 1, further comprising: asensor that scans each of the cards fed from the card feeder to theplurality of compartments; and a processor, wherein the processor isconfigured to: obtain scan data generated by the sensor; based on thescan data, determine whether the generated single shuffled stack isdefective; and responsive to a result of the determination being thatthe single shuffled stack is defective, produce a corresponding output.4. The device of claim 2, wherein the producing of the correspondingoutput includes triggering discard of the single shuffled stack.
 5. Thedevice of claim 2, wherein the sensor includes a camera.
 6. The deviceof claim 5, further comprising a mirror positioned opposite the cameraso that respective first faces of the cards that face the camera aredirectly detectable by the camera and respective second faces of thecards that face away from the camera are detectable by the camera viareflections by the mirror.
 7. The device of claim 2, wherein the sensorincludes: a first sensor facing in a first direction, thereby beingpositioned to capture respective first faces of the cards; and a secondsensor facing in a second direction that is approximately opposite thefirst direction, thereby being positioned to capture respective secondfaces of the cards.
 8. The device of claim 7, wherein each of the firstand second directions is approximately perpendicular to the surface ofthe card reader, the first and second sensors being positioned toperform their respective capturing as the cards are fed from the cardfeeder to the plurality of compartments.
 9. The device of claim 1,wherein the device is configured to re-shuffle the single shuffled stackinto a second single shuffled stack.
 10. The device of claim 9, whereinthe re-shuffling is performed by randomly distributing the singleshuffled stack into a second plurality of compartments from which thecards are combined to form the second single shuffled stack.
 11. A cardshuffling system comprising: a card shuffler that includes a feeder fromwhich the card shuffler is configured to feed cards of a first stack, ina random order, into a single shuffled stack, wherein the cards of thefirst stack include a plurality of different card types; a sensorarranged to detect information on each of the cards fed into the singleshuffled stack; a processor, wherein the processor is configured to:obtain the information from the sensor; identify the respective cardtypes of each of the cards of the single shuffled stack based on theinformation obtained from the sensor; determine whether the singleshuffled stack is defective based on the identified card types; andresponsive to a result of the determination being that the singleshuffled stack is defective, produce a corresponding output.
 12. Thesystem of claim 11, wherein the corresponding output includes outputtingan error signal.
 13. The system of claim 11, wherein the informationincludes a respective combination of respective suit and respectiverank.
 14. The system of claim 13, wherein the determination of whetherthe single shuffled stack is defective includes determining whether thesingle shuffled stack includes different amounts of any two of theranks.
 15. The system of claim 13, wherein the determination of whetherthe single shuffled stack is defective includes determining whether thesingle shuffled stack includes different amounts of any two of thesuits.
 16. The system of claim 13, wherein the determination of whetherthe single shuffled stack is defective includes determining whether, forany of the suits, the single shuffled stack includes at least apredetermined number of consecutive cards that are all of the respectivesuit and that, in a particular direction extending from a first one ofthe predetermined number of consecutive card to a last one of thepredetermined number of consecutive cards, all either ascend by one foreach pair of immediately adjacent ones of the predetermined number ofconsecutive cards or descend by one for each of the pairs of immediatelyadjacent ones of the predetermined number of consecutive cards.
 17. Thesystem of claim 13, wherein the determination of whether the singleshuffled stack is defective includes determining whether, for any of theranks, the single shuffled stack includes at least a predeterminednumber of consecutive cards that are all of the respective rank.
 18. Thesystem of claim 13, wherein the determination of whether the singleshuffled stack is defective includes determining whether, for any of thesuits, the single shuffled stack includes at least a predeterminednumber of consecutive cards that are all of the respective suit.
 19. Thesystem of claim 11, wherein: the single shuffled stack includes two ormore card sets that each includes a same number of cards whoserespective card types each differ from the respective card types of eachother card of the respective card set; and the determination of whetherthe single shuffled stack is defective includes determining whether thesingle shuffled stack includes, offset from each other by a multiple ofthe same number, two sets of cards that each includes a predefinednumber of cards that are in a same sequence of the types.
 20. The systemof claim 19, wherein each of the types is a respective combination ofrank and suit.
 21. A card feeding system comprising: a housing in whicha plurality of cards can be held; an opening; at least one sensorpositioned to detect the cards as they are removed, one at a time, fromthe housing via the opening; and a processor, wherein the processor isconfigured to: based on information from the at least one sensorregarding the detections of the cards, detect presence of an errorstate; and respond to the detection of the presence of the error stateby one or both of (a) locking the opening, thereby preventing furtherpassage of cards through the opening, and (b) outputting an errorsignal.
 22. The system of claim 21, wherein the at least one sensor isconfigured to detect a direction of movement of the cards as they passthrough the opening, and the processor is configured to detect thepresence of the error state in response to a detection, based on theinformation from the at least one sensor, of a card moving in adirection towards the housing.
 23. The system of claim 21, wherein theat least one sensor is configured to detect movement of the cards asthey pass through the opening, and the processor is configured to detectthe presence of the error state in response to a detection, based on theinformation from the at least one sensor, of a card remaining in theopening for longer than a predefined amount of time.
 24. The system ofclaim 21, wherein the at least one sensor includes a first movementsensor and a second movement sensor arranged offset from each other in adirection in which the cards are removable from the housing via theopening.
 25. The system of claim 21, wherein: the at least one sensorincludes a movement sensor and a scanner; the processor is configured todetect the presence of the error state in response to a detection by themovement sensor of a card moving out of the housing through the openingwithout a corresponding sensing by the scanner of predefined informationon the card.
 26. The system of claim 21, wherein the at least one sensorincludes a scanner configured to scan respective information of thecards as they pass through the opening, and the processor is configuredto detect the presence of the error state in response to a detection bythe scanner of a predefined combination of respective information of twoor more of the cards passing through the opening.
 27. The system ofclaim 26, wherein the predefined combination of information is of morethan a predefined number of the cards whose information indicates thatthe cards are all of a same type.
 28. The system of claim 26, whereinthe predefined combination of information is of a number of the cardsindicating an incorrect sequence in which the cards are held in thehousing.
 29. The system of claim 21, wherein the at least one sensorincludes a scanner configured to scan respective information of thecards as they pass through the opening, and the processor is configuredto detect the presence of the error state in response to a detection bythe scanner of information associated in a database with a predefinedgeographic location.
 30. The system of claim 21, wherein: the at leastone sensor includes a movement sensor and a scanner; the processor isconfigured to detect the presence of the error state based oninformation scanned by the scanner during a time period determined basedon the movement sensor.
 31. The system of claim 30, wherein the movementsensor includes a first movement sensor and a second movement sensorthat, with respect to a card flow direction from the housing and throughthe opening, is downstream of the first movement sensor, a detection bythe first movement sensor being used to begin the time period and adetection by the second movement sensor being used to end the timeperiod.
 32. The system of claim 30, wherein a detection of movement bythe movement sensor is used to begin the time period.
 33. The system ofclaim 21, further comprising a lock member, wherein the processor isconfigured to respond to the detection of the presence of the errorstate by locking the opening by triggering the lock member to pressagainst a card that is in the opening.
 34. The system of claim 21,further comprising a lock member, wherein the processor is configured torespond to the detection of the presence of the error state by lockingthe opening by triggering the lock member to block a passage through theopening.
 35. The system of claim 21, wherein the at least one sensor isconfigured to detect movement of the cards as they pass through theopening, and the processor is configured to detect the presence of theerror state in response to a detection, based on the information fromthe at least one sensor, of a card moving through the opening during anon-game-play time period.
 36. The system of claim 21, wherein: the atleast one sensor includes a first scanner and one or both of a secondscanner and a movement sensor; and the processor is configured toidentify information about a set of cards being held in the housingbased on information scanned by the first scanner, and detect thepresence of the error state responsive to information from the one orboth of the second scanner and the movement sensor that is inconsistentwith the information about the set of cards.
 37. The system of claim 21,wherein the inconsistent information indicates presence of a card in thehousing that, according to the information scanned by the first scanner,is not present in the set.
 38. The system of claim 37, wherein thescanning by the first scanner is of a label on a package in which theset is packaged.
 39. The system of claim 37, wherein the scanning by thefirst scanner is of a bar code or QR code.
 40. The system of claim 21,wherein the processor is configured to identify information about a setof cards being held in the housing based on a code associated with theset, and detect the presence of the error state responsive toinformation from the at least one sensor that is inconsistent with theinformation about the set of cards.